A dental abscess is an infection that results in a pocket of pus forming in or around a tooth or the surrounding gum tissue. While some abscesses cause obvious pain, others develop more quietly and worsen over time if left untreated.
Understanding the signs of a dental abscess – and when to seek care – can help prevent serious complications.
What is a dental abscess?
A dental abscess occurs when bacteria enter the tooth or gum, usually through decay, cracks or gum disease. The body responds by trying to contain the infection, leading to swelling and pus formation.
There are two common types:
- Tooth (periapical) abscess – starts inside the tooth
- Gum (periodontal) abscess – develops in the gums around a tooth
Both require professional dental treatment.
Common symptoms of a dental abscess
Symptoms can vary depending on the location and severity of the infection. They may include:
- Persistent or throbbing toothache
- Swelling of the gums, face or jaw
- Sensitivity to hot or cold
- A bad taste in the mouth
- Fever or feeling generally unwell
- Difficulty opening the mouth or chewing
Not all abscesses cause immediate pain. Swelling or pressure alone can still indicate infection.
What causes a dental abscess?
Common causes include:
- Untreated tooth decay
- Cracked or broken teeth
- Advanced gum disease
- Trauma to a tooth
- Previous dental work that has failed
Once bacteria reach deeper tissues, the infection can progress quickly.
Why a dental abscess shouldn’t be ignored
A dental abscess will not resolve on its own. While pain may temporarily ease, the infection remains.
If left untreated, a dental abscess can lead to:
- Worsening pain and swelling
- Spread of infection to surrounding tissues
- Damage to bone and supporting structures
- More complex and urgent treatment such as a root canal procedure
Early assessment significantly reduces risk and discomfort.
How a dental abscess is treated
Treatment depends on the source and severity of the infection. Options may include:
- Draining the abscess to reduce pressure
- Treating the infection inside the tooth with root canal treatment
- Removing the tooth if it cannot be saved
- Antibiotics where appropriate
The goal is to eliminate the infection and prevent recurrence.
Is a dental abscess a dental emergency?
In most cases, yes. A dental abscess should be assessed urgently, especially if swelling, fever or increasing pain is present.
If you’re unsure, it’s always safer to seek advice rather than wait.
What to do if you suspect a dental abscess
While waiting to be seen:
- Keep the area clean
- Avoid chewing on the affected side
- Use a cold compress for swelling
- Take pain relief as directed
Do not attempt to drain the abscess yourself.
When to seek urgent dental care
If you’re experiencing symptoms of a dental abscess and are based in Whangārei or the wider Northland region, prompt assessment can help relieve pain and prevent complications.
Contact us as soon as possible if you’re concerned about infection or swelling.
Book an appointment